A spring up field of technological research, the design and construction of nanobots, is poised to the revolutionize science and industry. These nanobots, also called as nanorobots, use at the scale of nano meters. Advances in technology, optics, micromechanics, medicine, and biotechnology all necessitate extremely precise techniques. The goal of this emerging technology is not only to observe but also to interact with and modify micro- and nanoscale objects as in medicine. The coming years are expected to usher in a new era in medicine, taken by advancements in nanotechnology. The production of nanodevices has been increasing.
Nanomedicine involves diagnosing, treating, and preventing to diseases and injuries, reduce pain, and normalise human health using molecular tools and in understanding of the human body. In the short , nanomedicine can tackle significant medical challenges with the use of nanostructured materials and basic nanodevices , including their interactions with biological systems. In the medium term, biotechnology will facilitate even progress in molecular medicine. Looking further ahead, in perhaps 10 to 20 years, the earliest molecular machine systems and nanorobots may become part of the general medical toolkit, providing physicians with unparallel means to combat disease, ill health, and aging as well .
Nanorobotics involves creating machines or robots at a scale close to nano meter (about 10^-9 meters). Specifically, nanorobotics is a largely theoretical based field within nanotechnology focused on designing and constructing nanorobots by means of healthcare as well . These devices would range in size from 0.1 to 10 micro meters and be made from nanoscale or molecular components. Since artificial, non-biological nanorobots have not yet been realized, they remain a concept like a hypothetical conseps. Terms such as nanobots, nanites, or nano mites are often used to describe these hypothetical devices. Nanorobot is being wish to bring significant advancements in medicine by transitioning from micro-elctronics to nano-electronics.
The development of nanotechnology is expected to lead to automated molecular machines with embedded nanoscopic devices, providing new tools for medical procedures. It is projected that the initial applications of nanorobots in healthcare will be executed within the next decade. Components Of Nanorobots Nanorobots are consist of various components, such as a power supply, fuel buffer tank, sensors, motors, manipulators, onboard computers, pumps, pressure tanks, and structural support. There are some key substructures in a nanorobot :
1. Payload: This section contains a small dose of medication. Nanorobots can travel through the bloodstream and release the drug at the site of infection or at site of action .
2. Micro Camera: A nanorobot may be equipped with a smaller camera, which allow to the operator to steer it manually throughout the body.
3. Electrodes: These electrodes can form a battery using blood electrolytes. They can also use to generate electric currents to heat and kill cancer cells inside the body.
4. Lasers: Lasers on the nanorobot can burn harmful materials such as arterial plaque, blood clots, or cancer cells.
5. Ultrasonic Signal Generators: These are used to destroy kidney stones.
6. Swimming Tail: Nanorobots require propulsion to move against the flow of blood in the body this tail helps to be mobile to nanorobots .
Nanorobots in treatment of different diseases
Nanorobots are incredibly small, enabling them to easily navigate through the human body. Scientists suggest that the exterior of a nanorobot will be made of carbon atoms arranged in a diamond shape because of its inert properties and strength. Ultra-smooth surfaces will reduce the chances of disturbing the body’s immune system, allowing the nanorobots to operate without interference. Perhaps these nanorobots powered by glucose or natural body sugars and oxygen, with other biochemical or molecular components made to their specific tasks.
According to current theories, nanorobots will have at least basic two-way communication, respond to acoustic signals and receive reprogramming instructions from an external source via sound waves. A network of specialized stationary nanorobots could be strategically placed throughout the body to enable the movements of active nanorobots, reporting their status to an interface. This setup will allow doctors to analyze a patient’s progress and adjust the nanorobots’ instructions in vivo to advance the healing process. Once their task is complete, the nanorobots would be removed from the body
Nanorobots use in Cancer Detection and Treatment
Cancer can be effectively treated with current medical technologies and therapeutic tools. However, a cancer patient’s chances of survival is mainly based on how early the disease is diagnosed. Ideally, cancer should be detected before metastasis begins. Another aspect of successful treatment is that the development of appropriate targeted drug delivery systems to minimize the side effects of chemotherapy. Nanorobots, capable of navigating the bloodstream, and can significantly contribute to these critical conditions of cancer therapy. These nanorobots, setteled with chemical biosensors, can detect tumor cells at earlier stages of development within the patient’s body. Nano sensors can identify the intensity of E-cadherin signals, facilitate early detection.
Nanorobots as Artificial Neurons
Nano robots can also be used by in substituting every neuron in patient’s brain with nanorobot which is intended to work just like normal, everyday, natural neurons. The nanotech neurons would be functionally the same. They link to the same synapse and do the same functional starring role.
Nanorobots in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes
Glucose, transported through the bloodstream, is vital for maintaining human metabolism, and controlling its levels is key in managing diabetes. The hSGLT3 protein, which interacts with glucose, plays an important role in regulating glucose concentrations outside cells, supporting functions such as gastrointestinal nerve and skeletal muscle activity. As a sensor, hSGLT3 helps track glucose levels in diabetes patients.
A proposed nanorobot design uses Complementary Metal Oxide Semi conductor nano-bioelectronics and measures about 2 micro meters in size. It can navigate within the body without triggering immune responses, as its biocompatibility prevents white blood cell attacks. This nanorobot monitors glucose levels via an embedded chemo-sensor that responds to changes in hSGLT3 protein activity, helping determine when a patient may need insulin or other treatments. In a simulated environment, the NCD simulator displays a venule blood vessel where nanorobots travel with red blood cells while detecting glucose levels.
The nanorobots aim to maintain glucose levels at around 130 mg/dl, with a variable range of 30 mg/dl that can be adjusted based on medical recommendations. These nanorobots are capable of sending critical data through RF signals to the patient’s mobile phone, alerting them if glucose levels become too high or too low.
By: MAYUR PREMANAND CHAUDHARI
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