Telecommunication is the transmission of information from one place to another through telephone, satellite, telegraph, etc… The main objective of world telecommunication day is to point out the importance of communication and how it reaches different parts of the world. Every year on 17th May Telecommunication day is celebrated. The date 17th May is selected because it the same day in which the International Telegraph Union was found.
The Telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. On 3rd March 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland Alexander Graham Bell was born. From childhood Alexander showed interest in education. After completing his studies he showed much of his attention in teaching deaf and dumb people. After he settled in America, he founded a school for deaf and dumb people. In 1873 he worked as a professor in Boston University. As bell was interested in scientific research, he used to research something for deaf and dumb people during his free time. So this made him to invent telephone. Bell tried to convert one’s speech through electricity from one place to another with the help of his friend Watson. Bell stood on top of his house and his friend Watson standing on the ground and tried to speak with each other with the help of a cable. They both were working day and night. At last on 10th March 1876 in the afternoon, suddenly Watson heard a voice through the cable .Surprisingly its Bell’s voice. Watson could hear Bell’s voice clearly. Bell told that he wants to see Watson so he requested him to come up. Those are the words which was 1st spoken by bell in the telephone. At last Bell’s dream came true. In the same year Bell displayed his discovery at the Philadelphia Museum. The King of Brazil “Dom Pedro” listened carefully and tested it. From the other side Bell read the lines of Shakes Sphere “To Be Or Not To Be”. So the King of Brazil was astonished that the telephone works. The telephone which he invented helps us to communicate with people.
Satellite communication provides communication between various parts of earth. The Air force officer Arthur C. Clarke proposed the practical concept of satellite communication. Then the 1st artificial satellite Sputnik 1 was launched by Soviet Union on 4th October 1957. Once the satellite receives the information it splits to different earth station. When the satellite revolves around the Earth, the space is called as Orbit. The distance between earth and orbit is called as Altitude. Based on altitude orbit is divided into three parts:
- Lower orbit
- Medium orbit
- Higher orbit
Lower orbit is used for weather forecasting. It takes about 90 minutes to revolve around earth. The force of gravitation is high due to its lower orbit. Medium orbit is used for communication purpose. Higher orbit takes 24 hours to revolve around the earth. Higher orbit is used for navigation purpose.
Telegraph is an instrument which is used for sending messages to faraway places in a very short time. Telegraph was founded by Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail. Samuel Morse is an artist and he also had interest in science. When he was an artist, an important person in his family passed away. After hearing the news Samuel was so depressed and he thought that there must be a solution for this. So this made him to find a source for communication, and so he invented a telegraph machine. It is used to develop Morse code. Telegraph is used in Army, Navy and Air force. In 1843 Congress gave Morse a 30 thousand dollar grant to build an experimental telegraph line between Washington DC and Baltimore. A year later on 24th May 1844, the first message was sent and received across the line from Washington DC to Baltimore. Claude shap was a French inventor who created a different system of towers which made the shape of a letter from the top of a hill and a receiver watched with the telescope and copied down the message. In Morse’s invention the telegraph key was connected to an electromagnetic relay which tapped on a message of dots and dashes. The short tap is named as a dot and the long tap is named as a dash. The dots and dashes were then translated to letters which turned into a message. Over time telegraph operators with more experience translated the sounds directly into letter and passed the message faster. Later lines were build from New York to Washington buffalo Boston and New Orleans.
The invention of different telecommunications made our life much easier. During the pandemic situation, with the help of telecommunication we are able to attend classes from home and work from home. With the help of satellite telecommunication we are able get the things that we need at our doorstep. We are able to recognize the storm and disasters before it reaches us. So the people are alert and we are able to save the life of those people. In this way telecommunication plays a major role in our day to day life.
By Jeyavarshini . A , Tamil Nadu
