Page 28 - Mousumi
P. 28
Weaver: Special Edition dedicated to ASPAM
3) Disordered reporting that fits an Fake news has typically been studied
agenda – news that contains some along four lines:
grains of truth that are not fully
verified, which are used to support a • Characterization,
certain position or view. • creation,
• circulation,
4) Misleading news that’s not based
• and countering.
on facts, but supports an on-going
narrative – news where there is no How to characterize fake news has
established baseline for truth, often been a major concern, as the
where ideologies or opinions clash
definition of the term is disputed. By
and unconscious biases come into
differentiating between intention and
play.
facticity, researchers have attempted
to study different types of false
5) Intentionally misleading – news information. Creation concerns the
that has been fabricated deliberately production of fake news, often
to either make money through produced with either a financial,
number of clicks, or to cause
political, or social motivation.
confusion or discontent or as
sensational propaganda. These stories The circulation of fake news refers to
the different ways false information
tend to be distributed through has been disseminated and amplified,
imposter news sites designed to look
often through communication
like ‘real’ news brands, or through
technologies such as social media and
fake news sites. They often employ
videos and graphic images that have search engines. Lastly, countering fake
news addresses the multitude of
been manipulated in some way.
approaches to detect and combat fake
news on different levels, from legal,
Manipulation, disinformation,
falseness, rumours, conspiracy financial, and technical aspects to
theories (actions and behaviours that individuals’ media and information
literacy and new fact-checking
are frequently associated with the
services.
term) have existed as long as humans
have communicated. Nevertheless, Fake news is harmful to our
new communication technologies
community, it makes the world less
have allowed for new ways to
informed, and it erodes trust. It's not
produce, distribute, and consume fake
news, which makes it harder to a new phenomenon, and all of us —
tech companies, media companies,
differentiate what information to newsrooms, teachers — have a
trust.
responsibility to do our part in
addressing it.
27
